SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION AND AGRICULTURAL STRUCTURES
UNIT
I
SURVEYING
Surveying
-uses -Instruments and necessaries - methods of suyveying - computatiaon
of area - triangulation, interesction, traversing, cross staff survey
- place table survey -earth work computation - simps on trapezoidal
rule - reduction of levelling data by rise and fall method and height
of collimnation method-contoruing -profile surveying -cross section
survey.
UNIT II
HYDROLOGY
Hydrology
- measurement of rainfall, evaporation, infiltration - instruments used
for measurement - estimation of runoff - factors affecting runoff -
computation of volume of runoff and peak flow-unit hydregraph.
UNIT III
SOIL
CONSERVATION
Soil
erosion - types - factors affecting erosion by water and wind - stages
of water erosion - types of wind erosion - biological control measures
- contour farming, strip cropping, mixed cropping, inter cropping ,
mulching -mechanical control measures-their suitability for different
conditions -design of contour bunds, granded bunds, terraces, contour
stone wall-gully control structures- check dams-wind erosion control
-universal soil loss equation.
UNIT IV
FLUID
MECHANICS AND IRRIGATION
Hydraulics
of flow - open channel flows, steady and non steady, uniform and non-uniform,
laminar and tubulent, rotational and irratitaional flow - Reynold's
Number, Frowde Number - Velocity distribution - critical depth -hydraulic
jump-Orifice-mouthpiece-weights and flumes -co-efficient of discharge-chezy's
and mannings'formula -most efficient cross section for maximum flow
- Irrigation -need-measurement of irrigation water - units and inter
relationship surface and subsurance conveyance of irrigation water-merits-
duty, delta-base period relationship -irrigation methods gravity and
pressure irrigation system and their adoptability -water requirement
of crops-on farm water management.
UNIT V
WELLS
AND PUMPS
Ground
water occurance-aquifers-types,wells-types and methods of contruction
-swell development -screens-gravel packing radius of influence -transmissibility
-artificial recharge - pumps-types and suitability -selection of pumps
based on energy requirement and water requirement.
UNIT VI
SOIL
WATER - PLANT RELATIONSHIP:
Soil
water - types -field capacity, wilting point, permanent and ultimate
wilting point -available soil moisture-scheduling of irrigation-irrgation
efficiencies-conveyance, application,storage and distribution efficiencies-crop
and filed water use efficiencies project efficiency - consumptive use.
UNIT VII
DRAINAGE:
Drainage
- water logging -benefits of proper drainage-surface and subsurface
methods- drainage co-efficient-bio-drainage-well drainage-mole drainage
-salt affected soil, reclamation-leaching requirement.
UNIT VIII
WATERSHED
DEVELOPMENT:
Waterished
- Concept land capability classification, gully and ravine reclamation
- water harvesting, micro catchments -farm pond percolation pond-selection
of suitable soil and water conservation practice - planning.
UNIT IX
FARM
IRIGATION STRUCTURES:
Surface
conveyance structures-earthern channels-lined channels-advantages of
lining-materials of lining-design of channel cross section-crossing
control structures-drop spillway, chute spillway, pipe inlet spill way-crossing
structures-culvert, inversted shyphon aquident -their uses. Under ground
pipe line system - component structures and their functions-types of
points used in under ground pine lines.
UNIT X
FARM
STRUCTURES:
Materials
of construction -quality-bearing capacity of the soil-factor of safety
-types of masonry-foundation,basement and supferstructure-types of roofs-building
plan and estimation. requirements of farm house, threshing floor, drying
floor, poultry house, dairy farm, rat proof godown, construction procedure-estimating
storage requirements of farm products-silos-farm roads -types stability
test for retaining structures-earthern dams-flownet-gravity dams-design
features.
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