Chapter 6

Urbanisation is a global phenomenon and Tamil Nadu is no exception in witnessing rapid urbanisation. The implications of urbanisation for the State are many. The State has little scope for agricultural expansion. The rural area of the State will inevitably shed a part of its population and this will have to be absorbed in urban centres. The trend in urbanisation is not only reflected in the growth of population in Urban centres, but also in increase in the number of urban centres.

In order to overcome the deficiencies and to approach the desirable urbanisation pattern, an outlay of Rs.1,250 Crores was provided for the “Urban Development” sector in the Ninth Five Year Plan, for implementing various programmes. The expenditure during the Ninth Five Year Plan for the sector “Urban Development” is estimated to be Rs. 2,215 Crores, which is nearly double the Ninth Plan outlay. The break up of actual expenditure under the broad categories is shown in the Table below:

Sl. No.	Broad Category of Nature of Development	Expenditure during Ninth Five Year Plan
(1)	(2)	(3)
1.	Assistance to local bodies other than Chennai	348.89
2.	Corporation of Chennai including Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority	434.36
3.	Town & Regional planning	1.55
4.	Environment improvement of slums	232.96
5.	Direction and Administration	8.34
6.	Special component plan	31.54
7.	Other expenditure	1157.46
	Total – Urban Development	2215.10

The challenge of urban development calls for major reforms in both the financing and management of urban infrastructure. The experience from the past Five Year Plans underscores three basic urban sector issues: (i) need for capacity building within City Governments for efficient and responsive urban service delivery, (ii) given the investment requirements, the imperative to access long term debt and eventually create a market of municipal debt, thereby linking urban needs with domestic debt market, and (iii) since debt financed projects require substantial tariff changes, the need for political consensus and participatory project structuring. These three components would form the basis of any future urban work plan.

The urban local bodies should aim at enhancing the efficiency in delivery of the following civic services, namely (i) Cleanliness – removal of rubbish, (ii) Provision of Protected Drinking Water (iii) Usable public toilets – preventing defecation in public places, roads etc., (iv) Proper drainage and sewerage systems (v) Providing Street lights (vi) Usable roads with clear pathways (vii) Avoiding nuisance of stray animals (viii) Prevention of pollution – water, air, noise etc., (ix) Public utilities like markets, bus stands etc., (x) Open spaces – recreational areas (xi) Prevention of new slums and removal of encroachments (xii) Enhancing public trust in civic administration by proper taxation.

The improvement in civic services is possible only through a responsive civic administration. The following agencies are concerned with implementation of most of the developmental and welfare schemes in their respective areas.

Commissionerate of Corporation of Chennai, Madurai, Coimbatore Tiruchirappalli, Salem and Tirunelveli.

Tamil Nadu Urban Finance and Infrastructure and Development Corporation. (TUFIDCO)

To carry forward and complete the infrastructure developments and to take up the new projects, an outlay of Rs. 5,979.20 crores is envisaged during the Tenth Five Year Plan for the Urban Development sector, out of which, the State Government commitment works out to Rs. 2,275.00 * crores.

The Department / Agency-wise outlay for the Tenth Five Year Plan for Urban Development is given in the Table below:

Agency/ Department	Tamil Nadu Govt. Budgetary support	Loan from HUDCO/ TNUDP / TUFIDCO/ TNUDF/ LIC etc.	State Govt., Total Commitment	GOI support	Own mobilisation	Grand Total
[1]	[2]	[3]	[4] [2]+[3]	[5]	[6]	[7] [4]+[5]+[6]
1. CMDA / Chennai	489.90	418.00	907.90	123.00	150.00 (Private sector)	1180.90
2. Directorate of Town & Country Plng.	1.56	7.00	8.56	3.61	----	12.17
3. Municipal Corporation/ Municipalities	509.56	360.00	869.56	1401.88	920.65	3192.09
4. Director of Town Panchayat	348.98	140.00	488.98	550.28	554.78	1594.04
Total	1350.00	925.00	2275.00	2078.77	1625.43	5979.20

The proposed outlay is Rs. 2,275 crores, as against the outlay approved by the Union Planning Commission of Rs. 2,375 crores. However, the Government and the State Planning Commission will review the sectoral outlays and realign them at an appropriate time depending on the resources position, relative needs of the sector in relation to all other sectors and performance and make appropriate adjustments in the Annual Plans and during Mid-Term Appraisal.

An outlay of Rs.49,277.56 lakhs was budgeted for the year 2002-03 for the Urban Development Sector. Against this, the expenditure is anticipated to be Rs.43489.85 lakhs.

The Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board is implementing the following schemes to make the slum areas habitable and provides basic amenities like water supply, roads, street light. P.C.Units are provided, as a short time measure in unhygienic urban slums on "as is where is" basis at an average cost of Rs.2,000/- per family on the following standards without dislocating them (1) One P.C. Unit for 20 families, (2) One Public Fountain Unit for 20 families, (3) One Pre-school unit for 100 families, (4) Roads, storm water drains, tree planting etc., and (5) One street-light at 40 M interval. The slum improvement works as detailed above will be provided to 30,000 Urban Slum families.

The programmes proposed during the year 2003-04 are (a) Slum Improvement programmes in urban local bodies (Outlay Rs.2711 lakhs) (b) Grants for repayment of loans to financial institutions for providing fire-proof Asbestos houses in the slums (outlay Rs.494.08 lakhs) (c) Grants for other schemes for SCs and STs under SCP (Outlay Rs.108.39 lakhs), (d) Grants for Slum improvements as recommended by the Eleventh Finance Commission for Special problem grant (outlay Rs.2071 lakhs) (e) Grants for the Entrepreneurial Development programme for the Slum tenements (outlay Rs.25.00 lakhs) and (f) Grants for environmental improvement (outlay Rs.0.02 lakh). Thus, an amount of Rs. 5409.49 lakhs is proposed for various programmes of the Board for the year 2003-04. This amount includes two new schemes sanctioned for the year 2003-04 viz., (a) Providing infrastructure in Tenemental Areas to prevent inundation during moonsoon (Outlay Rs.108.39 lakhs), and (b) Entrepreneural Development Training Programme for 6200 Urban Slum Women (Outlay Rs. 25 lakhs).

The activities of the Town and Country Planning Directorate are governed by the Town and Country Planning Act, 1971.

Master Plans: The department has so far prepared master plans and new town development plans for 114 local planning areas and new town development areas. During the year 2003-04, it is proposed to take up eleven master plans / NTD plans.

Detailed Development Plans: These are Micro Level plans within the local planning areas. 40 DD Plans are to be taken up for review during the plan period. It is proposed to take up 50 detailed development plans during the year 2003-04.

Traffic and Transportation Plan: The department had identified 58 small and medium towns for the preparation of traffic operational and management plans. Out of the 58 plans, 48 have been completed and the remaining 10 are in progress. In addition, comprehensive traffic and transportation studies for five major cities has been taken up and four of them completed.

Heritage Plans: The Government has identified 38 heritage towns aimed at conservation of cultural and historical importance. Government has selected out of these 11 towns, for environmental protection and car parking facilities.

Development Plan for Least Urbanised Taluks: Out of 45 taluks for which studies have been conducted on development of medium sized towns in the least urbanized taluks in Tamil Nadu, three Taluks viz. Harur, Perambalur & Ariyalur are to be declared as planning areas under T & CP Act in order to upgrade these Taluks towards rapid urbanisation.

Urban Project: Financing assistance was given under Integrated Development Plan for small and medium towns to local bodies and the same is now funded by TUFIDCO. Similarly, loan assistance were extended under Integrated Urban Development Programme.

Urban mapping division: The department has introduced aerial photography mapping techniques early in the year 1979. Taluk wise land use maps have been prepared with the assistance of IRS, Anna University. Further, the land use data have been computerised periodically and the surveyed details area updated.

The plan programmes proposed for the year 2003-04 are (a) Town Planning Research Centre (outlay Rs.3.5 lakhs), (b) Integrated Development of Small and Medium Towns (Outlay Rs.338.98 lakhs - State's Share) and (c) Transport and Traffic Studies for Class-I Cities (Outlay Rs.107.86 lakhs). Thus an amount of Rs.450.34 lakhs is proposed for the year 2003-04. This amount includes an amount of Rs. 1 lakh sanctioned for purchase of books for the library under new schemes for the year 2003-04.

Chennai is a Mega City, the population of which is expected to cross 70 Lakhs in 2011. The implementation of projects, like Mass Rapid Transit System Phase –II, Outer Ring Road, Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus at Koyambedu, improvement to 8 Radial Roads, Textile Market etc. would be continued. The CMDA would also acquire Geographical Information System for Chennai Metropolitan Area and would also take up detailed development plans for Chennai Metropolitan Areas and also development of Satellite Town at Maraimalai Nagar. Three studies, viz. Critical Road Widening and Container Terminal Study, Mass Rapid Transit System – Area Development and Densification of MRTS Corridor Development are proposed to be undertaken.

A Pilot project to produce power out of vegetable wastes is proposed to be implemented at Koyambedu wholesale market complex at a cost of Rs. 5 crores. The Central Leather Research Institute is nominated as the nodal agency for the scheme. The Project cost will be shared by Government of India (75%) and CMDA (25%)

Further, Chennai has become a preferred destination for IT industries. Keeping this in mind, an infrastructure development plan for IT corridor has been prepared for the stretch up to Thiruporur. This will be implemented in a phased manner.

The plan programmes proposed for the year 2003-04 are (a) Assistance for repayment of loan and interest due to HUDCO under Flood Alleviation and Storm Water Drainage System (outlay Rs.1954.96), (b) Other Capital Grants for development of Chennai (Outlay Rs.10 crores), (c) Contribution of grant fund from out of dividend from TNUDF (outlay Rs.12 crores), (d) Mega City Programme (Outlay Rs.625 crores) (e) Assistance for repayment of loan and interest due to HUDCO (Outlay Rs.8 crores) and (f) Assistance for repayment of loans to HUDCO/TUFIDCO for development of Chennai Moffussil Bus Terminal at Koyambedu (Outlay Rs. 1756.88 lakhs). Thus, an outlay of Rs.7336.84 lakhs is proposed for the year 2003-04.

There are 6 Municipal Corporations, 102 Municipalities and 611 Town Panchayats in the State. The following programmes / schemes / projects are being implemented through the Municipal Administration Department under plan viz., (a) Assistance to Municipalities for infrastructure development (outlay Rs.275 lakhs), (b) Grants to Municipal Corporations as per the recommendations of the Eleventh Finance Commission (Outlay Rs.1198.77 lakhs), (c) Extension of Self Sufficiency Schemes for financially weaker Municipalities (Outlay Rs.1314.78 lakhs), (d) Tamil Nadu Urban Development Project - II (Outlay Rs.120 Crores), (e) Capital Programmes of infrastructure development by urban local bodies (Outlay Rs.2231,00 lakhs), (f) Capital grants for development of Chennai (Outlay Rs.10 crores), (g) Creation of Institutional Finance Monitoring and Evaluation Cell (Outlayn Rs.27.15 lakhs), (h) Formation of Perspective Planning Cell (Outlay Rs.9.69 lakhs).

Thus an amount of Rs.18056.39 lakhs is proposed for the year 2003-04. This amount includes the following new schemes sanctioned for the year 2003-04: (a) Repair of non-functional toilets in Municipalities and Corporation and convert them into pay and use type with the help of Sulabh International (Outlay Rs. 125 lakhs), (b) Purchase of land composed yard at the cost of Rs. 3 crores of which Rs. 1.50 crores will be from the local body incentive grants (Outlay Rs.150 lakhs).

Grant allotted for infrastructure facilities is mainly for the provision of basic amenities, such as (a) water supply, (b) street lights, (c) conservancy and sanitation, (d) roads etc., The following is proposed for the year 2003-04: (a) Grants as per the recommendations of the Eleventh Finance Commission (outlay Rs.1353.45 lakhs) and (b)Scheme "Clean Town Panchayat Campaign" (Outlay Rs.35 lakhs). Thus, an amount of Rs.1388.45 lakhs is proposed for the year 2003-04.

Tiruppur town has achieved primacy in the matters of export of textile garments and hosiery to overseas market and it is estimated that the town is exporting garments worth Rs.2,000 crores, a year, which is likely to go up to Rs.3,500 crores in the coming years. The level of infrastructure like roads, water supply and sanitation is inadequate in the town and its periphery. The New Tiruppur Area Development project is expected to fill the arising gaps in the infrastructure. An amount of Rs.25.00 Crores has been proposed for the year 2003-04.

An outlay of Rs.35131.53 Lakhs has been proposed for the Urban Development sector for the year 2003-2004.

Sl. No.	Department	Outlay for 2003-04 (Rs.in lakh)
1.	Town and Country Planning Department	450.34
2.	Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority	7336.84
3.	Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board (Environmental Improvement of Slums)	5409.49
4.	Tiruppur Area Development Programme	2500.00
5.	Municipal Administration Department	18056.39
6.	Director of Town Panchayats.	1388.45
7.	Others	(-)9.98
	Total - Urban Development	35131.53

Under Centrally-Sponsored Schemes, an amount of Rs.3855.90 lakhs is provided for the Urban Development sector. This amount includes State's share also. The programmes envisaged for the year 2003-04 are (a) Scheme for Integrated Development of Small and Medium towns (Outlay Rs.1355.90 lakhs) and (b) Mega City Programme (outlay Rs.25.00 crores).