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Chapter 5
HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE
Tamil Nadu has made rapid strides in different facets of its health system - health facilities, outcomes and human resource development and there have been spectacular achievements in health indicators like life expectancy, birth rate, death rate, IMR and MMR. The combination of factors that have contributed to this achievement include improvement in the quality of health care services, provision of manpower, infrastructural facilities to hospitals and Primary Health Centres, contraceptive services, comprehensive package of maternal and child health services, special IEC campaigns, adequate supply of drugs, training, reorientation to health personnel etc. Tenth Plan The objectives of the Tenth Plan are improvement of general health status of population, improvement of health services in identified branches of medicine, providing better access to health care services, creation of highly skilled medical and para medical manpower, strengthening the preventive health care so as to reduce the incidence of disease and illness to a minimum and reviving the past glory of Indian systems of medicines. Under family welfare, the specific goals include bringing down the birth rate to 15 per 1000 population, IMR to 28 per 1000 live births, full immunisation coverage, cent percent coverage for iron and Vitamin `A’ deficiencies, antenatal and postnatal care, 95% institutional deliveries etc. For Medical and Public Health sector, the outlay for the Tenth Plan will be Rs.800 crores. The Union Planning Commission had approved an outlay of Rs. 700 crores for this sector. On re-estimation, the requirement is assessed at Rs.800 crores. The increase is necessitated by the requirement of funds/ additional funds for Medical Colleges sanctioned for Theni, Kanyakumari, Vellore, Trichy and Thoothukudi. Necessary inter-sectoral adjustments will be made in the Annual Plans and the Mid-Term Appraisal with the approval of the Union Planning Commission. The achievements with regard to certain goals in 2000 are as follows : Birth rate - 19.3 per 1000 population, IMR - 51 per 1000 live births, MMR - 1.3 per 1000 live births, Institutional deliveries - 89.9% and Immunisation Coverage – 100%. Annual Plans 2002-2003 and 2003-04 The Departmentwise outlays for Tenth plan, the budget estimate and anticipated expenditure for 2002-2003 and the outlays for 2003-2004 are given below:- (Rs. in lakhs)
Annual Plan 2002-2003 An amount of Rs.10439.91 lakhs was provided for Medical and Public Health Sector, out of which a sum of Rs.4696.04 lakhs was for Medical and Rs.5743.87 lakhs for Public Health. For Primary Health Care Services, an amount of Rs.2114.41 lakhs was provided. On the education side including the programmes for medical colleges, an outlay of Rs.174.30 lakhs was provided and for Indian System of Medicine, an amount of Rs.938.68 lakhs was allocated. Under Public Health, the outlay of Rs.4533.10 lakhs was provided for the programmes on filaria control, leprosy control, cholera control, small-pox eradication programme, institute of vector control and zoonoses, Hosur, malaria control, control of Japanese Encephalitis, leptospirosis control, mobile health and speciality camps under PMGY etc. and for Family Welfare programmes, an amount of Rs.983.62 lakhs was provided. The anticipated expenditure for Medical and Public Health sector is Rs. 15008.73 lakhs comprising Rs.6075.33 lakhs for Medical and Rs.8933.40 lakhs for Public Health. The increased outlay in the anticipated expenditure for 2002-03 is due to various building programmes, repayment of HUDCO loan obtained for the construction of tower blocks I and II and modern kitchen for Government General Hospital, Chennai, upgradation of 20 PHCs, grants to local bodies for maintaining health posts and transfer of certain Centrally Sponsored schemes into State schemes viz., Post Partum, Rural Family Welfare Centre at Primary Health Centres and Post Partum Centres other than District hospitals, medical college hospitals and Chennai City hospitals . Annual Plan 2003-04 The proposed outlay for Medical and Public Health sector is Rs.16314.44 lakhs for 2003-2004 consisting of Rs.11991.30 lakhs for Medical and Rs.4323.14 lakhs for Public Health. The Departmentwise details for Annual Plan 2003-2004 are as follows: 1. Medical Education The proposed outlay for the Directorate of Medical Education is Rs.3158.89 lakhs comprising Rs.2735.99 lakhs for ongoing programmes and Rs.422.90 lakhs for new schemes. The ongoing schemes include improvements to medical colleges, cancer control, implementation of ilam kulanthaigal irudaya sikichai thittam, construction of tower blocks and modern kitchen for Government General Hospital, Chennai. The details of ongoing programmes are as follows: The outlay for the scheme of 'Improvements to Medical Colleges' for 2003-04 is Rs.191.31 lakhs towards staff salaries, purchase and maintenance of equipments etc. For 'Cancer Control Programme', facilities for cancer treatment are available in 6 teaching hospitals and PAP SMEAR test facilities are available in 10 teaching hospitals in the State. An outlay of Rs.0.30 lakh towards maintenance of equipments for Arignar Anna Memorial Cancer Control Hospital, Karapettai is proposed for 2003-04. The scheme of Implementation of 'ilam kulanthaigal iruthaiya sigichai thittam' was started in 1993 at the Institute of Child Health and Hospital for children, Chennai with the aim to offer surgery for heart diseases in newborn, infants and children of less than 12 years free of cost. Equipments and operation theatres were provided under World Bank Aided Project – IPPV and Japan Grant. Necessary additional staff were also provided under State funds in 1999-2000. Upto 31.3.2002, 2304 surgeries have been conducted. An amount of Rs.42.85 lakhs is proposed for 2003-04. The scheme for 'construction of tower blocks I and II and modern kitchen for Government General Hospital, Chennai' was sanctioned at an estimated cost of Rs.104.47 crores comprising a loan of Rs.100.86 crores from HUDCO and Rs.3.61 crores as Government contribution. The works have been implemented through Tamil Nadu Medical Services Corporation. For the repayment of loan, a sum of Rs. 366.23 lakhs is anticipated as expenditure for 2002-03. An amount of Rs. 2469.07 lakhs is proposed for the Annual Plan 2003-04 towards repayment of principal with interest. 2. Medical and Rural Health Services The proposed outlay for the Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services is Rs.3732.83 lakhs comprising Rs.3470.85 lakhs for ongoing programmes and Rs.261.98 lakhs for new schemes. The ongoing programmes under this head include National Tuberculosis control programme, buildings, opening of dispensaries in Tribal Areas, tuberculosis control, improvement to hospitals and dispensaries under Western Ghat Development programme etc. and the outlay is meant for salaries, medicines and office expenses. National Tuberculosis Control Programme (C.S.S. 50:50) Free T.B. diagnostic and treatment facilities are provided in all the Government hospitals, Primary Health Centres, etc., situated in urban and rural areas throughout the State. The total allocation for this programme for 2002-2003 is Rs.298.00 lakhs, the State’s share being Rs.149.00 lakhs. The Central Govt. meets 50% of the requirement (in kind) towards anti-TB drugs which are distributed through Tamil Nadu Medical Services Corporation to the district health offices. State Government meets the entire expenditure on running the TB institutions towards staff maintenance of TB institutions, drugs, vehicles etc. and the cost is now met under non-plan. For 2003-04, a token provision is made for this scheme. Revised National TB control programme (RNTCP), an improvement on the existing National TB control Programme, has also been implemented in all districts in Tamilnadu and the service delivery to TB patients introduced in these districts by providing them the Directly Observed Treatment (DOT). Under this programme, the target for diagnosis of new sputum positive cases is 31050. For this purpose, all chest symptomatics - those with cough and sputum expectoration are identified and examined. 3. Indian Medicine and Homoeopathy The proposed outlay for Indian Medicine and Homoeopathy is Rs.1514.74 lakhs comprising Rs.1450.19 lakhs for ongoing programmes and Rs.64.55 lakhs for new schemes. The ongoing programmes under this head include Siddha Medical College, Siddha, Homoeopathy, Ayurveda and Unani wings in District Headquarters, Taluk hospitals, Non-taluk hospitals and Primary Health Centres, purchase of rare Siddha manuscripts and printed books for editing and printing, opening of siddha dispensaries in tribal areas, mechanisation of pharmacies, National Institute of Siddha etc., The details of ongoing programmes are as follows: Unani wings are functioning in 5 District Headquarters Hospitals and in one Primary Health Centre at Meenjur in Tiruvallur district for which a sum of Rs. 8.32 lakhs is proposed for 2003-04. For the Siddha wings started during 1997-98 and 1998-99 in 20 Primary Health Centres and in 97 taluk and non taluk hospitals in the State, a sum of Rs.602.32 lakhs is proposed for the Annual Plan 2003-04. 7 Siddha dispensaries have been opened in the tribal areas in Villupuram, Thiruvannamalai, Vellore, Dharmapuri, Trichy, Namakkal and Salem districts and in one mobile medical unit at Kolli hills in Namakkal district. For the functioning of these dispensaries, an outlay of Rs.27.23 lakhs is proposed for 2003-04. Ayurveda wings are functioning in four District Headquarters Hospitals. For the functioning of these Ayurveda wings, a sum of Rs.15.60 lakhs is proposed for 2003-04. For the functioning of Homoeopathy Wings in 8 Government District Headquarters Hospitals and 3 Taluk hospitals, a sum of Rs.36.77 lakhs is proposed for 2003-04. For the ongoing programmes under naturopathy and yoga, a sum of Rs.5.76 lakhs is proposed for 2003-04. The Tamil Nadu Board of Indian Medicine is an advisory body for the development of Siddha system of Medicine and also incharge of transcribing, translating and printing of books of Indian Medicine. For meeting the expenses of staff salaries and printing of books, a sum of Rs.26.20 lakhs is proposed for 2003-04. For the Post graduate department in "Noi Nadal" at Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai with an annual intake of 10 students, for the P.G. department in "Nanju Noolum - Maruthuva Needhi Noolum" and a Microbiology laboratory with diagnostic facilities for AIDS at Government Siddha Medical college, Chennai, a sum of Rs. 109.17 lakhs is proposed for 2003-04. Under Mechanisation of Pharmacies, one research wing for cancer and AIDS in Arignar Anna Govt. Hospital of Indian Medicine, Chennai and Govt. Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai and research units for 3 kinds of chronic diseases at Arignar Anna Govt. Hospital of Indian Medicine, Chennai were established. For the functioning of these wings, a sum of Rs.7.21 lakhs is proposed for 2003-04. The Government of India have agreed to establish the National Institute of Siddha at Chennai at a cost of Rs.47 crores spread over a period of six years from 2001. The institute will provide facilities for research and higher studies and help in securing global recognition for Siddha system. The non-recurring expenditure of National Institute of Siddha will be met by the Government of India and the Government of Tamil Nadu in the ratio of 60 : 40 basis. The recurring cost will be shared in the ratio of 75:25. The State Government have already transferred the required land of 14.78 acres at Tambaram to the Government of India. The Government of India have allocated an amount of Rs.4 crores during the year 2002-2003. A sum of Rs.600.00 lakhs is proposed as State share for the Annual Plan 2003-04. 4. Public Health & Preventive Medicine The proposed outlay for the Directorate of Public Health & Preventive Medicine is Rs.3179.09 lakhs comprising Rs.3059.69 lakhs for ongoing programmes and Rs.119.40 lakhs for new schemes. The malaria control programme takes a major share of Rs.1685.68 lakhs out of Rs.3059.69 lakhs proposed for the ongoing programmes of the Directorate. The other programmes include filaria control, small-pox eradication programme, institute of vector control and zoonoses, Hosur, control of Japanese Encephalitis, leptospirosis control, mobile health and speciality camps under PMGY. The details of the ongoing programmes are as follows: Tamil Nadu is endemic for acute diarrhoeal diseases with sporadic outbreak of cholera in most of the districts throughout the year and in epidemic proportions during the rainy seasons and peak summer periods. All the district level officials and executive authorities of local bodies have been asked to take necessary preventive measures including proper disposal of solid wastes, maintain sanitation and hygiene, chlorinate all water sources and undertake fly control measures. 2232 anti cholera inoculations were given and 60507 water sources were chlorinated during 2002. Administration of oral rehydration salt has been popularised through health education and the method of preparation of ORS solution is also demonstrated by the field staff to the public. For cholera control programme, an amount of Rs.23.39 lakhs is proposed for 2003-04. Further an outlay of Rs.148.77 lakhs is proposed for `Surveillance for epidemic preparedness’. Tamil Nadu started Immunization Programme against six vaccine preventable diseases during 1978. Annually 12.0 lakh pregnant women and 11.0 lakh infants are benefitting by Immunization Programme. Tamil Nadu had successfully conducted eight series of Pulse Polio Immunization campaigns during the period from 1995 to 2003 covering around 65 to 74 lakhs of under - five year children administering additional doses of oral polio vaccine in each campaign with full involvement of District Collectors and other concerned Departments and Voluntary Organisations. Due to the successful implementation of pulse polio immunization in the past eight years, there is no polio incidence in the State since 2000. For immunization programme, an amount of Rs.5.93 lakhs is proposed under State scheme. The Institute of Vector Control at Hosur carries out entomological and other epidemiological studies on vector borne and zoonotic diseases. This Institute is also made as a nodal agency for plague control activities. During 1998-99, an arbovirus antigen production laboratory was established with all facilities for diagnosis of Dengue and Japanese Encephalitis. The Institute is conducting P.G.diploma course in public health entomology. The infrastructure available at this Institute is also utilised to conduct various training programmes, workshops and seminars. An amount of Rs.62.20 lakhs is proposed for the year 2003-04. The National Malaria Eradication Programme aims to control the incidence of Malaria through active surveillance (house to house blood smear collection) through primary health care net-work and passive surveillance through Government hospitals, dispensaries, voluntary agencies and non-Governmental organisation hospitals, fever treatment depots and public health care net-work. In Tamil Nadu, Malaria is prevalent mainly in urban, coastal and riverine areas. About 60% to 70% of the total malaria cases occur in urban areas than in rural areas. During 2001-02, a total of 70.40 lakh blood smears were collected in the State out of which 31551 malaria cases had been recorded as positive.The operational cost of Malaria eradication programme is met by the State. Central Assistance is obtained towards the cost of materials and equipments. The total cost of the programme is Rs. 6645.90 lakhs, the State share being Rs.1685.68 lakhs for 2003-04 both for rural and urban areas. A sum of Rs.23.20 lakhs is proposed for the scheme of `Employment of laboratory assistants in public health centres under Malaria eradication programme'. Japanese Encephalitis has emerged as an important public health problem in the State during the last few years. The Japanese Encephalitis control units at Cuddalore, Villupuram, Perambalur and the monitoring unit at Head Quarters carry out the Japanese Encephalitis vector control and monitoring activities. The incidence of Japanese Encephalitis has come down from 115 in 1995 to nil cases in 2002. At present, vaccination against Japanese Encephalitis is being carried out on a regular basis in Tamil Nadu. Anticipatory spray during pre-monsoon period, residual spray and lab based examination are also being carried out. An amount of Rs.73.24 lakhs is proposed under this programme for the year 2003-04. The National Filaria Control Programme is being implemented in Tamil Nadu since 1957. There are 25 control units, 44 night clinics, 42 filaria and malaria clinics and one survey unit at Dindigul functioning for delimitations of endemic areas. The programme is being implemented in the 12 endemic districts. The scheme is funded by the Centre to the extent of 50% of the cost towards materials and equipments. The entire operational cost is met by the State Government. From 1997-98 to 2001-02, 5 rounds of mass DEC administration were conducted covering 2.39 crores of people. Sixth round will be conducted in 2003. The control and preventive measures are undertaken under the Primary Health care system. The outlay of the scheme for 2003-04 is Rs. 74.44 lakhs, which will be shared between the Centre and State in the ratio of 50:50, the State’s share being Rs.37.22 lakhs. In addition to this, an amount of Rs. 477.99 lakhs is allocated under State scheme. With a view to providing skilled treatment in remote and rural areas, Tamil Nadu Government have introduced the scheme of speciality camps for diseases like cancer, diabetes, hypertension and heart ailments and geriatric problems in all 385 blocks in the State. During 2002-03, 385 camps have been conducted in which 7.98 lakh people were screened. It was found that 5.24% had diabetes, 5.02% had heart ailments and hypertension, 0.54% had cancer and 22.4% had geriatric problems and all were treated. Under mobile health scheme, 25 mobile health units were established in 2001-02. Each mobile health unit has been sanctioned a sum of Rs.2.25 lakhs for medicines. During 2002-03, 20 mobile health units are being established. So far 179571 patients have been treated in the mobile medical units. Totally a sum of Rs.354.40 lakhs is proposed for the Annual Plan 2003-04 for these programmes. Seven Leptospirosis clinics at Taluk/ District Headquarters hospitals of Poonamallee, Thiruvallur and Madurai districts were sanctioned in 2000-01 and started functioning at present. During 2001 and 2002, a total of 2196 and 1064 (upto Nov. 2002) lepto cases were treated respectively. For the continuation of this programme, an amount of Rs.22.38 lakhs is proposed for 2003-04. For other programmes viz., establishment of 10 media units in health unit districts, improvement to Public Health centre under HADP, mobile medical unit facilities at Kalrayan Hills, dengue control, an amount of Rs.119.18 lakhs is proposed for 2003-04. 5. Primary Health Centres Primary Health Centres provide curative, preventive, promotive and rehabilitative health care services including higher referral services and coordinate public health, family welfare programmes, maternal and child care services and other community - oriented rural health programmes. As on date, 1411 Primary Health Centres including 59 Community Health Centres and 8682 Health sub-centres have been established. All the PHCs are provided with the basic facilities, like cold chain equipments, surgical instruments for minor surgeries and deliveries, laboratory facilities, essential and emergency drugs and beds for in-patients at the rate of 6 per PHC and 30 for upgraded PHCs and 10 beds for 24 hours PHCs. On an average, each PHC treats 100 out-patients per day and conducts 4 deliveries in a month. In order to improve the medical and health care services in blocks where there are no District Headquarters hospitals, taluk hospitals and non taluk hospitals, it has been decided to upgrade 138 block PHCs with provision of operation theatres, lab facilities, increased manpower and 30 beds. Out of this, 21 PHCs have been taken up for upgradation in 2001-02. During 2002-03, 20 PHCs are being upgraded under PMGY. Besides, construction of buildings for 100 Health Sub Centres has also been sanctioned. With a view to providing quality health care services by involving the participation of community in the maintenance of PHCs, Participatory Community Health Committees are being formed in all PHCs. In order to meet the manpower needs of PHCs, it is proposed to recruit 500 doctors to fill the existing vacancies. An outlay of Rs.2849.72 lakhs in respect of Primary Health Centres is proposed for 2003-04 for the following: I. Rs.909.29 lakhs towards maintenance and construction of dispensary buildings for the Primary Health Centres. II. Rs.144.29 lakhs for maintenance of 14 Primary Health Centres functioning in the Tribal Areas. III. Rs.0.01 lakh for mini PHCs. IV. Rs.0.55 lakh for construction of buildings for Primary Health Centres as 50% state share. V. Rs.800.00 lakhs for the construction of buildings for Health Sub-centres and Primary Health Centres under PMGY. VI. Rs.995.58 lakhs for primary health care under PMGY. 6. Drugs Control The overall aim of the Drugs Control administration is to infuse a sense of confidence in the quality of drugs that are being manufactured in the Country. The outlay for the Directorate of Drugs Control is Rs.11.25 lakhs which is meant for new schemes only and the outlay for implementation of the ongoing schemes is met under Non-plan. 7. State Health Transport Department The Department is attending to the repairs, maintenance and servicing of motor vehicles under the control of Health and Family Welfare Department. The outlay for this Department is met under Non-plan. 8. Tamil Nadu Dr.M.G.R. Medical University The Tamil Nadu Dr.M.G.R. Medical University came into existence in July 1988 to promote academic excellence and to provide research and advancement of knowledge in the field of medical and paramedical education. At present 207 Institutions have been affiliated to this University. New research institutes viz., Department of Epidemiology and Dept. of transfusion medicine are functioning. Video conferencing session of various topics were organized through telemedicine facility available in the University connecting Madras Medical College, Kilpauk Medical College, Wallajah Hospital and Jipmer Hospital, Pondicherry. Libraries of all the affiliated institutions will be connected with the digital library of this University. From 2002-03, the outlay for ongoing programmes is met from the University funds. 9. Family Welfare The Family Welfare Programme is being implemented with 100% Central assistance as per the Government of India pattern. The Expected Level of Demand (ELD) and performance for 2002-03 and ELD for 2003-04 are as follows :
The outlay for the Directorate of Family Welfare is Rs.1044.98 lakhs comprising Rs.1019.98 lakhs for ongoing programmes and Rs.25.00 lakhs for new schemes. The outlay for the ongoing scheme of "grants to Local Bodies for maintaining health posts" is met under State funds. Under this scheme, from 1.4.2001, the health posts created under the IPP-V project funded by World Bank for the implementation of Family Welfare programme are being continued and the cost is shared between State and concerned Corporations/Municipalities in the ratio of 2:1. Accordingly, 560 personnel in urban health posts under Chennai Corporation and 832 personnel in 4 Corporations and 24 Municipalities sanctioned under IPP-V Project as well as the supply of medicine will be continued during 2003-04 with an outlay of Rs.1019.61 lakhs. 10. Danida Health Care Project DANIDA Tamilnadu area health care project Phase III currently in progress was implemented since 24.12.1996 for a period of 5 years in the districts of Dharmapuri, Thanjavur, Nagapattinam, Thiruvarur, Salem, Namakkal, Cuddalore and Villupuram and supports some state level activities like training, drug supply logistics etc., at a revised outlay of Rs. 70.76 crores. The project is extended for one more year i.e 2003. The proposed activities for 2003 include training to 5000 VHNs/ SHNs/ CHNs, construction of Health Sub Centres, supply of essential equipment kits to all VHNs and ANMs in the State, training to all the staff of PHCs and FRUs in the State on the new HMIs and computer operations. For carrying out these proposed activities, an amount of Rs.54.64 lakhs is proposed for 2003-04. This comprises an amount of Rs.0.01 lakh and Rs.54.63 lakhs proposed under State and Central schemes respectively. CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES 11. Reproductive and Child Health Project (CSS 100%) This project will be implemented for a period of 5 years commencing from 1998 with a financial outlay of Rs.23.14 crores in Madurai and Theni districts. The objectives are: to improve the health status of women, adolescents and children, to improve the quality of health seeking behaviour of women and to increase the credibility of service providers through improved quality of service. For 2003-2004, a sum of Rs.699.75 lakhs is proposed for this project. 12. National AIDS Control Programme (CSS 100%) The Tamil Nadu State AIDS Control Society was formed in 1994 and it was first of its kind in the whole country. The objective of this organization is to control the problem of AIDS in an effective manner and to create awareness about HIV infection throughout the State. The society is assisted by NACO funds. About 16,677 AIDS cases and 21,410 HIV infected were identified so far. 514 NGOs were funded by Tamil Nadu State AIDS control society. Currently there are 112 ongoing intervention programmes in the State for different risk groups such as truckers, industrial workers, prisoners, sex workers, drug addicts, homo sexuals, migrant workers etc. A Voluntary Counselling and Testing Centre (VCTC) has been set up in all the District Headquarters hospitals where elisa test or rapid test is done almost free of cost and HIV patients are given treatment. It is also planned to support experiments with siddha medicine. The Government hospital for thoracic medicine, Tambaram has become a model institute in South East Asia in accommodating HIV/ AIDS patients and experimenting with siddha medicine as well. For 2003-04, a token provision is made. New Schemes An outlay of Rs.920.17 lakhs is proposed for new schemes for Medical and Public Health sectors comprising an amount of Rs.759.42 lakhs for Medical, Rs.155.66 lakhs for Public Health and Rs. 5.09 lakhs for the Secretariat department. The Departmentwise details are as follows: Directorate of Medical Education - The outlay for the new schemes for Directorate of Medical Education is Rs.422.90 lakhs which include :
The outlay proposed for the above schemes is Rs.119.40 lakhs for 2003-04. T.N.Dr.MGR Medical University - An amount of Rs.10.00 lakhs is proposed for the new scheme of expansion of department of epidemiology for Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR. Medl. University. Drugs Control - The new schemes for Drugs control include
For these schemes the proposed outlay is Rs.11.25 lakhs. Family Welfare - An amount of Rs.25.00 lakhs is proposed for the new scheme of provision of equipments for the emergency obstetric and new born care unit to be established in all District Headquarters Hospitals for Family Welfare. An amount of Rs.5.09 lakhs is proposed for the purchase of computers for the Secretariat Department of Health and Family Welfare.
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